Effect Of Water Treatment Effluent On Microbial Load Of Clarias Gariepinus And Oreochromis Niloticus Juveniles Under Cage Culture System In River Benue Makurdi, Benue State

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P. A. Annune, A. K. Egwumah, S. O. Olufeagba

Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Makurdi, P. M. B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of water treatment plant effluent on microbial load of Clarias gariepinus and Oriochromis niloticus juvenile under cage culture. 50 fish were stocked per cage at each site Upstream (BE), at point of discharge (AE) and downstream (PS). Microbial study was done on the fish species and the data was subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA). The result shows significant difference within groups for Dissolved Oxygen (DO), turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH and Phosphate. The highest value for DO, BOD and COD was obtained at effluent AE (4.48±0.18, 2.44±0.11 and 4.88±0.23 respectively). Turbidity and Chloride was found to be highest at AE (12.81±0.11 and 35.66±0.45 respectively). pH was found to highest at PS (7.74±0.36). The highest fungi count (FC) was observed in water sample in all the sites. S. aureus, E. coli and Yeast cell was observed in all the species and water sample at each sites. Aspergillus spp was observed only in O. niloticus at BE while Shyella spp was observed in water sample at BE and PS. Others micbrobes observed include Bacillus spp, K. Spp and Salmonella spp. The study revealed that effluent from the water treatment plant in Makurdi was idle with respect to most of the physiochemical parameter as these are within the recommended values for unpolluted water and for aquaculture. This could however not be said for their microbial counterpart as levels of biological indicators of pollution all exceed the WHO. It is recommended that further studies on the effect of waste water effluent from other sources should be carried out to determine pollution of water bodies by industries in order to help in evidence-base decision by relevant authorities to control pollution of River in Nigeria. Finally, this information will encourage aquaculturists to carefully monitor culture environment to minimize stress to the animals.

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