Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

This is an overview of current research into the use of modern biotechnology in aquaculture. It is directed to policy and decision makers to give an indication of issues relevant to research into and the potential for commercialisation of genetically modified (GM) organisms in the seafood industry. Application of gene technology in fish to improve production efficiency has many potential benefits. Research on GM fish has primarily focused on producing fish with increased growth rates, increased temperature tolerance, and improved disease resistance. Fish have been modified to grow six times faster than normal, survive in colder climates, and possess natural disease resistance so important to high-density aquaculture. Whilst the potential benefits of GM fish are plenty, there are some associated risks to consider prior to their use in commercial production.  Ecological risks would arise if GM fish escaped from aquaculture facilities and into the wild. These genetically enhanced fish could potentially interact with the local wild population and produce reduced fitness, decline in other species in the community, transfer of disease and parasites, and a decrease in prey species. Preventative measures include sterilisation of all transgenic fish, and better aquaculture infrastructure to ensure secure containment of fish, neither of which yet is fully effective.

Keywords: GM fish , Environment , Aquaculture, Gene technology