Department of Green Energy Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India

Microalgal bioelectrochemical systems have received substantial interest among the developing technologies for bioenergy. It is based on the interaction of two major components, i.e., microalgae and electrochemical processes. Microalgal photosynthesis and electrochemical reactions integrate the microalgae bioelectrochemical systems for a sustainable and efficient technique of bioelectricity generation. In this work, we have deliberated on the critical biological component of microalgae, which captures solar energy and transform it into chemical energy via photosynthesis. This includes selecting optimal microalgal strains with high photosynthetic efficiency, optimal nutrition, and availability of carbon dioxide and designing electrodes and membrane materials to improve electron transmission and reduce energy losses. Also, we have presented microalgal bioelectrochemical systems as a promising technique for generating bioelectric energy. In addition, this system also provides an innovative method for wastewater treatment, carbon dioxide mitigation, and direct solar energy conversion by involving microalgae with electrochemical processes. We have explored the ability to address environmental concerns while producing bioelectricity, making microalgal bioelectrochemical an appealing alternative for a cleaner future. Therefore, continuous research and technological developments of revolutionary bioenergy generation platforms pave the way for a more sustainable and green energy landscape.