Agriliv Research Foundation, Chidana (Sonipat), Haryana, India

Climate change, driven by human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, has led to significant global temperature increases and extreme weather events. This phenomenon poses severe challenges to agriculture, particularly in India, where the sector is highly dependent on natural resources. Key impacts include soil degradation, water scarcity, and reduced crop productivity. Soil health is compromised due to changes in temperature, salinity, and organic matter availability, leading to land degradation. Water resources are strained by uneven rainfall distribution and increased temperatures, exacerbating water scarcity and affecting aquatic life. Crop productivity is threatened by altered weather patterns, pests, and diseases, with potential declines in yields by 4.5% to 9% by 2039 and less nutritional quality. Adaptation strategies are crucial, including the use of biochar to restore soil organic carbon, advanced water management practices, development of climate-resilient crop varieties, crop diversification, crop rotation, cover cropping and advanced weather forecasting devices. These measures aim to enhance agricultural resilience, ensuring food security and sustainable development in the face of ongoing climate change.