Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Hetauda, Nepal

Afforestation and reforestation program was started in 1970’s to restore the denuded hills in Nepal. It was further expanded in lowland in late 80’s and further expanded in 2000 through the different programs. Government of Nepal has still focused plantation program particularly in Tarai and Siwalik region. Present study has covered five districts namely Chitwan, Makwanpur, Bara, Parsa and Rautahat in Mid Nepal to identify the success of such plantation program carried out in the past. Direct observation of nurseries, interviews with officials and nursery owners regarding the seedling production pattern and discussion with local people, key informants survey and inventory of the selected plantation blocks for identification of survival status were major methods applied for the study. About 44 different species are being planted however Eucalyptus camadulensis, Techtonagradish, Dalbergia sissoo, Bombaxceiba and Azadirachtaindica has contributed 62%. Present study reveals that less than one third (28%) seedlings are being survived among the 17.20 million seedlings planted during last one decade (from 2005 to 2015). Grazing pressure, poor quality of planting materials and improper site selection were identified major conservation threats. Permanent nursery and detail plantation plan has been recommended for the success of such plantation as pre-monsoon plantation has been found more survived and also has better growth performance.